A Cigarette filter is an element of a cigarette, as well as cigarette paper, capsules and adhesives. The filter could possibly be made out of cellulose acetate fibre, paper or activated charcoal (either like a cavity filter or embedded to the cellulose acetate). Macroporous phenol-formaldehyde resins and asbestos have also been found in cigarette filters The acetate and paper modify the particulate smoke phase by particle retention (filtration), and finely divided carbon modifies the gaseous phase (adsorption). Filters is effective in reducing “tar” and nicotine smoke yields as much as 50%, having a greater removal rate for other classes of compounds (e.g., phenols), but are ineffective in filtering toxins such as dangerous. Most factory-made cigarettes come with a filter; those who roll their particular can get them from the tobacconist.

Cellulose acetate is manufactured by esterifying bleached cotton or wood pulp with acetic acid. In the three cellulose hydroxy groups available for esterification, between two and three are esterified by manipulating the quantity of acid (level of substitution (DS) 2.35-2.55). The ester is spun into fibers and formed into bundles called filter tow. Flavors (menthol), sweeteners, softeners (triacetin), flame retardants (sodium tungstate), breakable capsules releasing flavors at will, and additives colouring the cigarettes could be combined with cigarette filters. The 5 largest manufactures of filter tow are Hoechst-Celanese and Eastman Chemicals in the usa, Rhodia Acetow in Germany, Daicel in Japan, and Courtaulds in the uk.

Starch glues or emulsion-based adhesives can be used for gluing cigarette seams. Hot-melt and emulsion-based adhesives bring filter seams. Emulsion-based adhesives can be used for bonding the filters on the cigarettes.

Cellulose acetate is non-toxic, odorless, tasteless, and weakly flammable. It really is resistance against weak acids and is also largely stable to mineral and fatty oils as well as petroleum. It is biodegradable as well as the raw material is a renewable natural polymer anticipated to find application for other uses in the future. Smoked cigarette butts contain 5-7 mg nicotine (about 25% of the total cigarette nicotine content), children ingesting >2 whole cigarettes, 6 cigarette butts or possibly a total of 0.5 mg/kg of nicotine must be admitted to some hospital. Cellulose acetate is hydrophilic and retains the water-soluble smoke constituents, that most are irritating (acids, alkali, aldehydes, and phenols), while letting over the lipophilic aromatic compounds.
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